Remember all those Robinhood outages? The US financial regulatory agency is making Robinhood repay folks for the losses they sustained as a result and also fining them for other reasons.

Michelle Ong, Ray Pellecchia, Angelita Plemmer Williams, and Andrew DeSouza — FINRA

This is brilliant and I wish I’d thought of it years ago:

One of the things we’ve previously seen during database incidents is that a set of impacted tables can provide a unique fingerprint to identify a feature that’s triggering issues.

Courtney Wang — Reddit

The suggested root cause involves consolidation in cloud providers and the importance of DNS.

Alban Kwan — CircleID

Full disclosure: Fastly, my employer, is mentioned.

This paper is about recognizing normalization of deviance and techniques for dealing with it. This tidbit really made me think:

[…] they might have been taught a system deviation without realizing that it was so […]

Bus Horiz

Blameless incident analysis is often at odds with a desire to “hold people accountable”. This article explores that conflict and techniques for managing the needs involved.

Christina Tan and Emily Arnott — Blameless

What can you do if you’re out of error budget but you still want to deliver new features? Get creative.

Paul Osman — Honeycomb

I am going to go through the variation we use to up skill our on-call engineers we called “The Kobayashi Maru”, the name we borrowed from the Star Trek training exercise to test the character of Starfleet cadets.

Bruce Dominguez

HBO accidentally sent an email to a bunch of people, and they tweeted (jokingly?) blaming their intern. This is a link to a short, thoughtful response thread.

Gergely Orosz

This is the story of the Bunny CDN outage linked below. Great read, thanks folks!

Dejan Grofelnik Pelzel — Bunny

There’s never a bad time to review the fallacies of distributed computing. This article introduces them with examples and discussion of each.

Alex Diaconu — Ably

These aren’t specific tools, but rather 7 classes of tools (with examples). They are:

• Chaos engineering
• Monitoring and alerting
• Observability
• Paging tools
• SLO management
• Infrastructure-as-Code (and everything-as-code)
• Automated incident response

Quentin Rousseau — Rootly

Design is interpretive. We have to find common ground before we can even start to create a design, but finding that common ground is part of the design.

For example, we think of building codes as being precise, but when applied to new situations, they are ambiguous, and the engineers must make a judgment about how to apply them.

Lorin Hochstein

This starts with a really neat moment in which the interviewer asks Yiu to talk about lessons from her jewelry-making hobby that she applies to SRE.

Kurt Andersen

When Gamestop’s stock shot through the roof earlier this year, Reddit’s traffic did too. This is the first article in a short series by Reddit’s SRE team on how they handled the influx.

This article is about the ways that user actions affected their systems in unexpected ways, and how they responded.

Courtney Wang — Reddit

Recently in our Site Reliability Engineering organization in Azure, we established a set of cultural values that we hold ourselves and each other accountable to.

Bill Johnson — Microsoft

Here’s a take on incident severity levels. I enjoy learning what criteria folks use for this, so please send similar articles my way (or maybe write your own?).

Nancy Chauhan — Rootly

Counterfactuals (“should haves”) stifle incident retrospectives by tempting us to stop digging deeper. This article points out that there are unending possible counterfactuals for any incident.

Michael Nygard

Read to find out how counting incidents (or “# days since an outage”) won’t help and will cause more problems than it’s worth. Also included: options for what to count instead.

incident.io

Sloth is a tool for generating SLOs as Prometheus metrics, claiming to support “any kind of service”.

Xabier Larrakoetxea

If you’re looking for a way to evaluate your SRE process, this might help.

Alex Bramley — Google

This article tries to put an actual number on the cost of adding more nines of reliability.

Jack Shirazi — Expedia

It’s time for Catchpoint’s yearly SRE report, downloadable in PDF form through this link. Note: you have to give them your email address.

Catchpoint

The last section suggests selling SLOs to executives by likening them to OKRs or KPIs.

Austin Parker — Devops.com

Lowe’s is a home improvement retailer in North America. I often find it fascinating when I learn that a company that’s not seen as being in the tech-sector has a robust SRE practice.

Vivek Balivada and Rahul Mohan Kola Kandy — Lowe’s

The hallmark of sociological storytelling is if it can encourage us to put ourselves in the place of any character, not just the main hero/heroine, and imagine ourselves making similar choices.

Lorin Hochstein

This is brilliant: they apply DevOps and SRE practices to the challenging work of raising two autistic children.

Zac Nickens — USENIX ;login:

I especially like how their bot automatically pages reinforcements after folks have been on an incident for long enough to become fatigued.

Daniella Niyonkuru

Rather than measuring Mean Time To Recovery for incidents, let’s track our Mean Time To Retrospective.

Robert Ross — FireHydrant

What indeed? It depends on who you ask.

Quentin Rousseau — Rootly

This academic paper explains Google’s efforts toward identifying “mercurial” CPU coores — cores that make erroneous computations.

[…] we observe on the order of a few mercurial cores per several thousand machines […]

This one blew my mind:

A deterministic AES mis-computation, which was “selfinverting”: encrypting and decrypting on the same core yielded the identity function, but decryption elsewhere yielded gibberish.

Peter H. Hochschild, Paul Turner, Jeffrey C. Mogul, Rama Govindaraju, Parthasarathy Ranganathan, David E. Culler, and Amin Vahdat — Google

The decisions, non-decisions, and workarounds that we implement now can have lasting effects on the Internet as a whole.

Mark Nottingham — Fastly

Full disclosure: Fastly is my employer.

A great intro to the topic of resilience engineering. Hint: resilience != high availability.

Piet van Dongen — Luminis Arnhem

When you include people in your definition of “the system”, something that looked like a system failure where humans had to “step in” is actually a success in which the system adapted.

Lorin Hochstein

I find the way this author presented this argument especially convincing. My favorite part is the real-world story toward the end.

Rachel by the Bay

Facebook presents their method for finding and dealing with PCIe errors in their infrastructure.

Ashwin Poojary, Bill Holland, Makan Diarra, and Ray Park — Facebook

Overflow of a 32-bit integer primary key caused a security issue.

Scott Sanders — GitHub

This caught my eye. I’ve seldom been in an on-call rotation with shifts that were not a week or two at a time.

The optimal frequency for being on call is about three days a month.

There’s also a good discussion of paying for on-call shifts, which, in my experience, goes a long way toward making on-call more palatable.

Christine Patton — SoundCloud